Liquid warming device



AU 17, 1965 G.`R. scANLoN Y 3,200,879

LIQUID WARMING DEVICE Filed DSC. 2l, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1.

mvEN'ron: GEORGE R. SCANLON Y ATTORN EY Aug. 17, 1965 s. R. scANLoNLIQUID WARMING DEVICE Filed Dc. 21, 1961 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIGS.

4 BY/fm f4 f ATTORNEY United States Patent O 3,200,879 LIQUHD WARMINGDEVICE George R. Scanion, 119 @renard St., Franklin, Pa. Filed Dec. 2l,i961, Ser. No. 167,993 S Ciaims. (Cl. 16S- 73) This application is acontinuation-impart of my application, Serial No. 695,974, led Nov. l2,1957, and now abandoned.

My invention relates to a liquid warming device and more particularly toa device for obtaining rapid warming of a small quantity of liquid.

As is well known during the early life of an infant it is necessary tofeed the infant at frequent spaced intervals throughout the entiretwenty-four hour period of a day and in substantially all lof suchfeedings a liquid formula is employed. Accordingly it has become generalpractice to prepare a sniiicient quantity of a liquid formula to lastduring an entire day and store individual feeding quantities in glassbottles in a refrigerator until they are needed. Such a procedure thenrequires that the individual bottles be heated as they are used to theproper temperature for an infants feeding. Heretofore it has beengeneral practice to heat the individual bottles by either partiallyimmersing the liquid-filled bottle in water and heat the water in anysuitable manner or immerse the liquid-filled bottle in a stream of hotwater. Such prior practices require a considerable period or time due tothe poor thermal conductivity of glass which inherent delay is quiteannoying in many cases, particularly in the early morning feedingperiod. Prior rapid warming devices have also been developed, however,they have not been satisfactory due to their intricate structure andtheir resulting high cost.

Accordingly one object of my invention is to provide an inexpensiveliquid warming device of simplified construction for rapidly heating asmall quantity of liquid.

Another specific object lof my invention is to provide and improvedliquid warming device having a tubular heat exchanger means, one end or"which is closed and which heat exchanger means may quickly be insertedover an open-ended bottle with the ow of fluid therebetween controlledby means of a unique valve supported by the heat exchanger means.

A more specific object of my invention is to provide a new and improvedliquid warming device having an elongated, cup-shaped, heat exchangerand a novel valve means for controlling huid flow which is quicklyinsertable into the open end of the heat exchanger and over the open endof a bottle.

Still another object of my invention is to provide a new and improvedvalve of simplified construction for controlling fluid flow therethroughin opposite directions.

Another specifies object of my invention is to provide a new andimproved valve comprising a tapered cupshaped member having .openingsextending radially outward in the sides thereof adjacent the base and anopenended distributor portion extending upwardly from such base.

Another specific object of my invention is to provide a new and improvedvalve comprising a tapered cupshaped member having openings extendingradially outward in the sides thereof adjacent the base and an openended distributor portion extending upwardly from such base and whichcup-shaped member has internal means for obtaining a rapid attachment ofa bottle thereto.

A further specic object of my invention is to provide a new and improvedtwo-piece valve comprising a tapered tubular member having openingstherein extending radially outward adjacent one of its ends and anopen-ended central portion extending across and upwardly from such oneend.

ICC

Still another object of my invention is to provide a new and improvedflow control valve comprising a formed member having an elongatedportion with a flange extending laterally outwardly from one end thereofwith such flange having a plurality of openings extending therethroughand such control portion having an opening extending axiallytherethrough.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a new and improvedflow control valve comprising a formed, generally tubular member havinga generally hemispherical formed end portion which is encompassed by aformed tubular member and one of which members is provided with groovesto permit uid to flow therebetween.

These and other objects of my invention will become more apparent uponconsideration of the following detailed description of preferred formsof my invention when taken in conjunction with the following drawings inwhich:

FlG. 1 is a side elevational view of a liquid warming device constructedin accordance with the principles of my invention shown attached to abottle and which warming device is immersed in a stream of water,

FiG. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of the central portion ofFIG. 1 with portions thereof broken away to more cleariy show thestructure thereof,

FiG. 3 is an enlarged partial side elevational and partial crosssectional view 0f another valve constructed in accordance with theprinciples of my invention,

4 is a cross sectional view of the liquid warming device as shown inFIG. 2 taken substantially along the lines d--f-i thereof;

5 is an enlarged partial side elevational and cross sectional view or"still another valve constructed in accordance with the principles of myinvention,

6 is an enlarged exploded perspective view of one end portion of anotherwarming device constructed in accordance with the principles of myinvention with a portion thereof broken away to more clearly illustratethe structure thereof,

FiG. 7 is an assembled side elevational view of the device as shown inFiG. 6 with a portion thereof shown in section to more clearly show thestructure thereof,

FiG. S is a View similar to FIG. 7 of another warming device constructedin accordance with the principles of my invention,

FlG. 9 is a View similar to FiG. 7 of one symmetrical side portion ofanother warming device constructed in accordance with the principles ofmy invention,

FIG. l() is a View similar to FIG. 7 of one symmetrical side portion ofanother warming device constructed in accordance with the principles ofmy invention.

Referring to FIGS. l and 2 it will be noted that a liquid warming deviceconstructed in accordance with the principles of my invention comprisesa thin walled tubular heat exchanger L?. which is closed at one end. Asthe heat exchanger 2 is employed as a heat transferring member, it isformed from a suitable material having a high thermal conductivity suchas aluminum. A cupshaped valve 4;- is partially inserted within the openend of the heat exchanger 2 so as to be tightly received therein in anysuitable manner. Although `the valve 4 may be tightly located in theheat exchanger 2 in any suitable manner, for the purposes of myinvention, it is desirable that such a tight t may be quickly made andbroken to permit ready assembly and disassembly of the hereafterdescribed structure. Accordingly, the valve 4 is formed with a baseportion 14 having an outwardly divergent tapered sidewall 6 whereby thevalve 4 may be quickly wedged into the open end of the heat exchanger 2with the base portion 14 being located inwardly of theheat exchanger 2.In the form of my invention shown in t on FIGS. 2 and 4 the sidewallportion 6 of the valve 4 is of uniform thickness so that the innercircular surface 8 thereof is also tapered divergently outward.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 4, the sidewall 6 of the valve 4 is providedwith a plurality of radially outwardly extending passageways 12 inwardlyadjacent the hase por tion 14 thereof whereby the inner portion of thevalve 4 is connected to the outer surface thereof. In the embodiments ofmy invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the valve 4 is also provided withan integral lluid distributor portion 16 which extends upwardly from thelower edge of the base portion 14 with its upper end being spaced abovethe laterally adjacent upper edge of the sidewall portion 6.Accordingly, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 like referencenumerals have been employed to identify like parts. As shown, thedistributor portion 16 is of an irregular open-ended, hollow form havinga central opening 18 extending therethrough which is of a crosssectional area on all lateral planes substantially larger than thecombined area of the passageways 12 to permit rapid ilow of a fluidtherethrough as hereinafter described. Although the fluid distributor 16may be of Various shapes, a generally nipple shape has been found to besatisfactory, and, as shown, the fluid distributor portion 16 has alower hemi-spherical portion 25, the upper end of which terminates intoan elongated tubular portion 22 with the central axes of each of theportions 20 and 22 being coincident. It will be noted that the greaterportion of the outer surface of the tubular portion 22 is spacedcentrally between the inner surface 8 and that the outer surface of theportion Ztl extends downwardly therefrom and outwardly towards the innersurface S with its lower edge being spaced inwardly from the inner endof the passageways 12 whereby fluid can readily flow therebetween and isdirected towards the inner end of the passageways 12.

In using the liquid warming device of my invention it will beappreciated that a standard open-ended bottle 10, which is usually ofglass, has previously been filled with a suitable liquid formula whichexists at a temperature which is too cold for direct infant feeding.Accordingly, the liquid-filled bottle 10 is initially held or supportedin an upright position and the valve 4, which has previously been wedgedinto the heat exchanger 2, is then wedged over the upper open end of thebottle 10. In view of the taper of the inner surface 8 a tight litbetween the surface 8 of the sidewall portion 6 and the end of thebottle 10 is obtained by such wedging action. Another equallysatisfactory method of assembling these components is to initially wedgethe valve 4 onto the open end of the bottle 1t) and thereafter wedge theheat exchanger 2 onto the valve 4. In actual use a slightcounter-rotation of the heat exchanger 2 and bottle 10 has been found tofacilitate such assembly and insure a tight fit between the valve 4, theheat exchanger 2 and bottle 10. Once such assembly has been completed itwill be noted that the longitudinal axes of the heat exchanger 2 and thebottle 10 are generally in longitudinal alignment. n

Once the described requisite assembly has been completed the entireassembly is located in a position as shown in FIG. 1 with the heatexchanger 2 being located lowermost and with the generally alignedlongitudinal axes of the heat exchanger 2 and the bottle It) extendingat anV angle to the horizontal. At the same time the assembly is sopositioned the heat exchanger 2 is placed within a flowing stream of hotwater so that the hot water engages the upper outer surface of the heatexchanger 2 adjacent the valve 4. Such engagement of the heat exchanger2 by the water stream 30 causes the water stream 30 to be dispersed andrun both around and down along the outer surface of the heat exchanger 2whereby a large percentage of the outer surface of the heat exchanger 2isconstantly engaged by a dispersed running stream of hot water. For thepurposes of my ini vention the average household hot Watertemperaturejis satisfactory. During such water immersion of the heatexchanger 2 the bottle 10 is hand held and if desired may be oscillatedlaterally of its logitudinal axis whereby the initial contact point ofthe water stream 3l) on the heat exchanger 2 is varied.

With the bottle V10 and the heat exchanger 2 in the position as shown inFIG. 1, Vthe liquid formula in the bottle 15 will gravitationally ilowfrom the bottle 10 into the inner portion of the valve 4 between thedistributor portion 16 and the sidewall portion 6 through thepassageways 12 and into engagement with the inner surface of the heatexchanger 2 outwardly adjacent the outer end of the passageways 12.Thereafter the cold liquid formula will flow gravitationally downwardlyalong the inner lower surface of the heat exchanger 2. In View of thehot water flowing over the outer surface of the heat exchanger 2 and thehigh thermal conductivit,r of the heat exchanger 2 the cold liquidformula will be heated during the period it flows from the bottle 10into the heat exchanger 2; It has been found that by proa Viding smallcross sectional area passageways 12 that the liquid formula isdistributed in a thin layer along the inner surface or a porti-on of theinner surface of the heat exchanger 2 whereby liquid can quickly beheated by the heated heat exchanger 2. In addition, by providing smallpassageways 12 the total elapsed time for the liquid llow from thebottle 1t) to the heat exchanger 2 is of a sufficient duration to heatthe liquid formula to the desired feeding temperature. It will beappreciated that as the bottle 10 empties the heat exchanger 2 willbecome full and accordingly the heat exchanger 2 is of a capacity toreceive the entire contents of the bottle 10.

Once the heat exchanger 2 is lfilled the entire assembly is withdrawnfrom the water stream 3) and inverted to an upright position so that theheat exchanger 2 is above the Ibottle 10. When the assembly is soinverted the heated liquid formula flows rapidly through the centralopening 18 of the distributor 16 back into the bottle yil). In View ofthe enlarged area of the central opening 18 of the distributor portion16 such return liquid llow occurs at a substantially faster rate thanthe rate of fluid lloW through the passageways 12. After the bottle 10is refilled the heat exchanger 2 and valve 4 assembly is easily removedby merely being twisted off the bottle 1t) by hand and a suitable nippleassembly located -on the open end of the bottle 1t) in a well knownmanner so that it may be employed for infant feeding.

In view of the above description it will be realized that the sidewallportion 6 of the valve 4 is provided with a sufficient taper on itsouter surface so that the outer ends of the passageways 12 are spacedinwardly from the inner surface of the heat exchanger 2 whereby theyfunction as submerged orifices to direct the cold liquid from the bottle10 forcefully against the inner surface of the heat exchanger 2 wherebythe formula is dispersed by such contact. It will be realized that withthe bottle 10 in the inverted position as initially described, that ahigher lhydraulic pressure ywill exist on the passageways 12 than on theupper end of the opening 18 whereby the lluid will flow throughthe'passageways 12 as described. In View of the air in the heatexchanger 2 being displaced by the liquid formula such air entrappedwill iiow upwardly through the opening 18 into the bottle 1li. When theentire assembly is inverted after being removed from the water streamthe hydraulic pressure on the opening 18 and passageways 12 are theexact opposite, that is, a higher hydraulic pressure exists at thelowerend of the opening y1S than at the level of the passageways 12 sothat the liquid formula flows through the opening 18 at a rapid rateinto the bottle 1li and the displaced air in the bottle 1lb ilowsthrough the passageways 12 to the heat exchanger 2. j

Although a plurality of radially extending arcuately spaced passagewayshave .been employed, it will be realized that when the assembly is heldin the inverted position the uppermost passageways 12 may notnecessarily provide a iiuid fiow path due to the low hydraulic pressureexisting thereon. Arcuately spaced passageways 112 are preferablyprovided, however, in order that the assembly may be employed in anyrelative position of the assembled heat exchanger 2, valve 4 and bottleld. In addition, in order to obtain liquid tight lit between the heatexchanger 2 and the valve 4, the bottle i0 and the valve 4, the valve 4may desirably be formed from any suitable slightly resilient material,such as a plastic material, whereby the described wedging may be quicklyaccomplished and whereby the wedged joints may be quiclily broken. `Ingeneral, as the standard bottle I@ is provided with an external thread26, the material of the valve 4 is preferably of sufficient resiliencyto force the sidewall portion 6 radially outwardly so that the thread 26is embedded `within the sidewall portion 6 as shown in FIG. 2. Also, thelower portion of the distributor portion 16 is preferably semi-sphericalin `form to direct the ilowing iiuid from the bottle 10 towards thelowermost passageway or passageways 12 as the bottle l0 starts to empty.Although the valve 4 and heat exchanger 2 are described as beingcircular, it will be appreciated that various cooperable configurationsmay be employed therefor without departing from the broad spirit andscope of my invention.

EFIG. 3 illustrates a modification of my invention wherein the innersurface of the sidewall portion of the valve 4 is provided with anintegral radially inwardly extending G-ring portion 32 for tightlyengaging the outer surface of an open-ended bottle. FIG. 5 illustratesstill another embodiment of my inventi-on in which a valve is formedfrom two cooperating parts. In the embodiment of FIG. 5 like referencenumerals with a superscript prime thereafter have been employed toidentify parts of the assembly which are identical to those of the valve4 previously described. Thus, as shown the valve 4 comprises an annularmember 35 having an annular base portion 14 through which a separatehollow, distributor portion 16 is inserted. The distributor portion I6is provided at its lower end with -an integral outwardly extending angeportion 37 which engages the lower outer surface of the base portion 14of the annular member 35 so that the valve 4 assembly is identical tothe valve 4 heretofore described. In addition it will be noted that theinner surface S of the .annular member 35 has been provided withintegral thread 39 to threadedly receive the outer thread 26 of thebottle Jl in a manner as is well known in the art. It will beappreciated that, if desired, the embodiment of my invention shown inFIG, 2 may also be provided with an internal thread 39. inasmuch as theassembled member 35 and the distributor portion I6 are identical in allthe respects to the previously described embodiments, furtherdescription thereof is not believed warranted. It will be noted thatwith this two-piece assembly a standard infants feeding nipple may beemployed for the distributor portion 16 by enlarging the opening in theupper end thereof.

FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9 and l0 illustrate other embodiments of my inventionwhich differ in struc-ture by which function in the same manner as theembodiments previously described; accordingly, a description of theoperation of such embodiments is not necessary. In the embodiment ofFIGS. 6 and 7 the fluid control valve comprises a fluid distributor 4dwhich is a formed tubular member having an upper tubular portion 42 thelower end of which flares outwardly and terminates into a lowergenerally hemispherical portion 44. An integral flange 45 extendsradially outwardly of the entire periphery of the lower end of theportion rIhre lower portion of the tubular portion 42 and thehemispherical portion 44 is encompassed by a tapered tubular member 46,the

lower end of which butts aganst the upper surface of the dange 4e.

The lower outer surface of the portion 44 extends up- Wardly from theange 45 at a slight taper and is of a size to be tightly received withinthe lower portion of the tubular member 46. Thus, the tubular member 46is secured to the distrbutor 40 to form a unitary valve structure byforcing the lower inner surface of the tubular portion 46 into wedgingengagement with the outer surface of this portion 44 upwardly adjacentthe flange 45. In order'to facilitate such assembly the tubular member46 .and the distributor 4@ are made from a suitable plastic materialhaving suliicient resiliency to obtain such wedge fit between the member46 and the distributor 40 and also to permit the distributor 40 to beseparated from the member 46 for cleaning.

In order to permit fluid to flow, as described, during the heatingportion of the cycle the outer surface of the hemispherical portion 44and the surface of the flange 4S butted by the member 46 is providedwith a plurality of open ended, connected, arcuately spaced, formedindentations 4S whereby uid passageways 49 are provided between theinner surface of the tubular member 46 and the outer surface of thehemispherical portion 40 and the upper butted surface of the flange 45and the lower surface of the tubular member 46. The particular form ofthe indentations 48 and passageways 49 is not critical as long assuiiicient area is provided to permit fluid flow therethrough to obtainthe desired heating time. An open area of 0.0025 square inch between theflange 45 and the tubular member 46 provides the desired liuid flow. Asbefore, the outer edge of the flange 45 and the lowerrnost portion ofthe member 46 are spaced from the inner surface of the heat exchanger 2so that outer ends of the passageways 49 are spaced from the innersurface of the heat exchanger 2. Also the member 46 is tapered at itsouter surface so that it can readily be wedged into the open end of theheat exchanger 2. With this construction the member 4d and thedistributor 40 are easily separated with the entire surface of thepassageways 4S being exposed for cleaning.

p Standard formula bottles are threaded at their discharge ends and theinner surface of the upper end of the tubular member 46 is provided withintegral threads Sil to cooperatively receive the open end of a bottle10. In addition the member 46 is provided with an integral radiallyinwardly thin cross-sectional flange 52 which abuttingly engages thefree or open end of the bottle 10 to provide a seal at the open end ofthe bottle 10 and prevent leakage of duid around the threads 5i).

In the embodiment of FIG. 8 a formed tubular control valve or uiddistributor dit is wedged into the open end of the heat exchanger 2 anda tubular coupling member 62 connects the heat exchanger 2 to the bottlel0. As before, the distributor 64I comprises an upper tubular portion 64which tapers outwardly into a lower hemispherical portion 66. The lowerend of the portion 66 is provided with an integral radially outwardlyextending iiange 68 which terminates at its outer end in an integralflange 7@ which extends laterally above and below the flange 6b so thatthe liange 7@ has an outer surface 72 of sufficient area to permit thedistributor 60 to be wedged into the heat exchanger 2 and held thereinby wedging engagement with the inner surface of the heat exchanger 2. Aplurality of arcuately spaced open-ended passageways 74 extend throughportions of the flanges d3 and 7i) to permit iiuid to flow from theupper surface of distributor d0 against the inner surface of the heatexchanger 2. Passageways 74 are inclined toward the surface 72 to obtainthe fluid flow as heretofore described.

The coupling member 62 has an upper end similar to that of the tubularmember 46 with portions thereof identified by the same referencenumerals. The lower end of the member 46 is provided with a counter bore76 of a size so as to be wedged onto the upper open end andere of a heatexchanger 2. Accordingly, as before, both the distributor 6@ and thecoupling member 62 are formed from a suitably resilient plasticmaterial. As shown in FIG. 8, the upper end of the heat exchanger 2butts against the bottom of the counter bore 76 to provide a sealtherebetween. It will be realized, however, that acooperatingconfiguration at the inner end of the bore 76 is providedwith different forms of heat exchangers 2 such as one having a flaredopen end such as shown in FlGS. 6 and 7. FIG. 9 illustrates anotherembodiment of my invention in which a coupling member 6?. is employedand in which a fluid distributor itl is wedged into the central portion63 of the coupling member 62 which portion 63 is upwardly adjacent thecounterbore 76 and is of a configurationrto closely receive the portion44 of the distributor 40 in the manner described with reference to thetubular member 46. FIG 10 illustrates an embodiment similar to thatshown in FIG. 7 except that a distributor fifi is provided which differsfrom the distributor itl in that a flange 45 is provided similar toflange l5 except that flange d5 is of a diameter to be closely receivedwithin the counterbore 76 at the inner end thereof. With such structurethe open end of the heat exchanger 2 is wedged into the counterbore 76into engagement with the lower surface of the flange 45. A plurality ofarcuately spaced indentations 8f) are provided on the outer surface ofthe distributor Alfil' in alignment with passageways SZ'extendingthrough the flange 45' to permit fluid to flow therethrough in themanner heretofore described. inasmuch as the distributor 4d' iscaptively located between the end of the counterbores 76 and the heatexchanger 2, it is not necessary that the distributor 49 be wedged intoengagement with lthe counterbore 7d on the central portion 63 althoughsuch construction can be provided if desired.

Having described preferred embodiments of my invention in accordancewith the patent statutes, itis to be realized that modifications thereofmay be made without departing from vthe broad spirit and scope of myinvention. Accordingly, it is respectfully requested that my invention-be interpreted as broadly as possible and as limited only by the priorart.

I claim:

1. A liquid warming device comprising, a hollow shell of a heattransmitting material lhaving an opening therein, a cup-shaped fluidflow control member tightly received within said opening `and extendingat least in part into said shell with the open end thereof being locatedto receive the :open end of a vessel in spaced relationship with theinner surface of the base portion thereof, said control member having anelongated portion located intermediate the inner surface of the sidewallportion thereof and extending outwardly from said base portion thereof,an opening extending axially through said base portion and saidelongated portion so that fluid may be readily emptied from said shell,at least one passageway extending through said sidewall portion with oneend thereof being open to and located to permit fluid flow from theinner portion of said cup-shaped member and with the other end thereofbeing open to and located closely adjacent to the inner surface of saidshell, and at least the portion of said passageway defining said otherend extending laterally with respect to the inner surface of said shellto direct fluid thereagainst.

2. A liquid Warming device comprising, a hollow shell of a heattransmitting material having an opening therein, a cup-shapedr fluidflow control member tightly received within said opening and extendingatleast in part into said shell with the open end thereof being locatedto 55 receive the operi end of a vessel in spaced relationship with theinner surface of the base portion thereof, said control member having anelongated portion located intermedi-ate the inner surface of thesidewall portion thereof and extending outwardly from said base portionthereof, an opening extending axially through said base portion `andsaid elongated portion so that liuid may be readily emptied from saidshell, a plurality of passageways extending through said sidewallportion with one end of each of said passageways being open toandlocated to permit fluid flow from the inner portion `of said cupshapedmember and with the other end of each of said passageways being open toand located closely adjacent to the inner surface of said shell, andsaid passageways extending laterally with respect to the inner surfaceof said shell to direct fluid thereagainst.

3. A fluid warming device as defined in claim 1 in which integral meansare formed on the inner surface of said sidewall for facilitating thesecuring of the open end of a vessel therein.

4. A fiuid warming device as defined in claim 1 in which said elongatedportion comprises a thin walled semi-spherical portion adjacent saidbase portion which is open to a thin walled tubular portion extendingoutwardly therefrom.

5. A liquid warming device as defined in claim 1 in which said openingextending through said base portion and said elongated portion has across-sectional area on all lateral planes thereof substantially greaterthan the cross-sectional area of said passageway so that fluid can berapidly emptied from said shell.

6. A liquid warming device as defined in claim 2 in which said openingextending through said base portion and said elongated portion has across sectional area on all lateral planes thereof substantially greaterthan the combined cross sectional area of all of said passageways sothat fluid can be rapidly emptied from said'shell.

7. A liquid Warming device as defined in claim 2 in which saidpassageways are upwardly convergent.

3. A liquid warming device comprising: a hollow shell of a heattransmitting material having an opening therein, a cup-shaped iiuid flowcontrol member tightly received within said opening and extending atleast in part into said shell with the open end thereof being located toreceive the open end of a vessel in spaced relationship with the innersurface of the base portion thereof, said control member having anelongated portion locatedV intermediate the inner surface of thesidewall portion thereof and extending outwardly from said base portionthereof, an opening extending :axially through said base portion andsaid elongated portion so that fluid may-'be readily emptied from saidshell, a plurality of straight passageways extending through saidsidewall portion with one end of each of said passageways being open tothe inner portion of said cup-shaped member immediately above the innersurface of said base portion and with the other end of each of saidpassageways being open to and located closely adjacent to the innersurface of said shell, and said passageways extending laterally withrespect to the inner surface of said shell to direct fluid thereagainst.

References tlited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,458,027 6/23Body 165-118 2,909,362 10/59 Scanlon 165-110 CHARLES SUKALO, PrimaryExaminer.

EDWARD J. MCHAEL, Examiner.V

1. A LIQUID WARMING DEVICE COMPRISING, A HOLLOW SHELL OF A HEATTRANSMITTING MATERIAL HAVING AN OPENING THEREIN, A CUP-SHAPED FLUID FLOWCONTROL MEMBER TIGHTLY RECEIVED WITHIN SAID OPENING AND EXTENDING ATLEAST IN PART INTO SAID SHELL WITH THE OPEN END THEREOF BEING LOCATED TORECEIVE THE OPEN END OF A VESSEL IN SPACED RELATIONSHIP WITH THE INNERSURFACE OF THE BASE PORTION THEREOF, SAID CONTROL MEMBER HAVING ANELONGATED PORTION LOCATED INTERMEDIATE THE INNER SURFACE OF THE SIDEWALLPORTION THEREOF AND EXTENDING OUTWARDLY FROM SAID BASE PORTION THEREOF,AN OPENING EXTENDING AXIALLY THROUGH SAID BASE PORTION, AND SAIDELONGATED PORTION SO THAT FLUID MAY BE READILY EMPTIED FROM SAID SHELL,AT LEAST ONE PASSAGEWAY EXTENDING THROUGH SAID SIDEWALL PORTION WITH ONEEND THEREOF BEING OPEN TO AND LOCATED TO PERMIT FLUID FLOW FROM THEINNER PORTION OF SAID CUP-SHAPED MEMBER AND WITH THE OTHER END THEREOFBEING OPEN TO AND LOCATED CLOSELY ADJACENT TO THE INNER SURFACE OF SAIDSHELL, AND AT LEAST THE PORTION OF SAID PASSAGEWAY DEFINING SAID OTHEREND EXTENDING LATERALLY WITH RESPECT TO THE INNER SURFACE OF SAID SHELLTO DIRECT FLUID THEREAGAINST .